remington



June 24, 1930. J. PQREMINGTON- 1,753,487

' FUEL PUMP I Filed Mah "30; 1925 1- f ATTORNEY outlet valve," thereby and thus enhancing the unseating which a body of -the actuator and the4 fluid operated upon.' lo', This object has 'i JOSEPH-J?. REMINGTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Application led 30, 1925.V Serial No. 19,460.

This invention relates to pumps yof the type shownin my rior applications-Serial No. 508,016,1iled ct. 17, 1921, and' Serial No. 714,409,'fi1ed May 19, 1924. Y @ne of ythe objects of `,thisinvention is to increase. the capacity of pumps ofthe type shown 1n my'sa1d-prior applications in gas is interposed between been accomplished by' pro-` viding means' in addition to the usual suc-V tion of thepump forpositively seating the decreasing the period the'elosing` of the valve, the volumetric efficiency of thepump. The means which I .have provided operates by spring tension or bygravityto tend tomaintain the said valve in closed position and to speed its seatingwhen pressure has been removed.

of time required for `One ot the tered in pumps of this character has been that .after a period of continuous operation the body of gas between the actuator and the fluid operated upon ,becomesso rareiied or the liquid which loses its density that subsequent actuation of the pump results .merely inidle compression and expansion vof such raretied gas without any appreciable transmission o force to is to` be moved. When this condition arises lthe pump is said to 'be vacuum bound. vlt is a special object of my invention to improve the construction Aof pumps of this type so that it will be impossible for `this condition to arise. his objectl of means for replenishing the supply of gas in the pum ing chamber when the pressure of said gas' falls to s uch'an extent as to impair the operation of the pump. i In the enibodiment shown this means consists in the provision of an opening or vbleed passage establishing communication between 'the body of gas in the pumping chamber and a larger body or reservoirfof gas of preferably relatively'constant and, when the condition of being vacuum boundl is approached, of temporarily higher pressure, said reservoir of gas being either the engine crankcase or the atmosphere itself.

difiiculties 'heretofore encounhave accomplishedV by the provision provide, in connection with the device for preventing pumps of this type from becomlng regarded fas means for preventing "tion of pressure pumping chamber below a certain minimum, -means Jfor preventing diminution inthe volume of saidgas below av certain minimum, the two means cooperating t0 insure cient pressure and volume of gas. in the pumping chamber as to enable e ective operation. Specifically, combination with the bleed opening, previously described, a

vacuum bound, which device vmay be pumping chamber and, since the fluid that does. enter the chamber displaces the gas, I thus 4prevent a reduction in the volume of the latter below a` certain minimum value;

stitutes' an improvement upon the devices shown 1n.my prior application Serial No. v714,409 in that more satisfactory seating It is another object-'of my invention to .I have provided in diminuof said body of gas in the a suffifloat operated valve for 4limiting the amount of fluid entering said and sealing means has been provided between the two main caslng members of which the pumpis composed, and the passage leading. -rom vthe pumping chamber to the delivery chamber has been arranged in a novel manner.

I have also disclosed herein an improvedv construction of filter for incorporation 'in -my pump, among the advantages of which are simplicity and ready accessibility for cleaning purposes.

As a further improvement in pumps of the type described I have provided, in one `:formV of myfinvention, an improved inlet valve for the pumping chamber, said valve 70 The disclosure of this application also conbeings() conditioned as to make its operation 90 impossible' when acted upon only by the .head of liquid in thevreservoir which sup- .with fluid. In the form plies the pump valve is yieldingly held in shown, the said closed position, the force tending to seat it.

than that exerted by any reabeing greater l of Huid in thereservoir lbut lsonable head less than that exerted by the pump in its. suction stroke under normal conditions ofoperation,

I 1n combinatlon with an lnlet valve, said 1n-j' the provision -of means' whereby the outlet A further object of 'my .invention is to improve continuously operated pumpsfby' valve is rendered inoperative under predetermined conditions, the pump thereupon ruiming idly-without effective' pumping ac. tion, andf excessive pump pressures being `avoided.This nieq,ns for disabling pump operation maybe sbrted, to pumps of the type wherein a body -uf gasis interposed between the actuator' and the fluid operated upon and wherein, preferably, a confined' bod of gas is provided on the discharge side I -of t -ebutlet valve, thefactionof the pump,

'when disabled under such conditions beingl merely tol cause the liquid between the two confined bodies ofgas to'surge back and forth without any pumping action. It is a further object of myl .invention to provide a construction such as justoutlined let valve being preferably so conditioned as to revent its opening when acted upon sole y bythe pressure of the head of liquid" in the reservoir which 'supplies the pump.

It is an additional object of my invention to improve the construction and operation of the type of pump heretofore mentioned and wherein a check valve is employed on the intake side of said pump, by the provision v of means, referably afloat, controlled by the level o liquid in the pumping chamber for positively holding'said valve upon its seat. In this connection I have also im- ,'proved' the mechanism whereby the float' opcrates the valve in certain details `of 'con- Figure 3 is a 'section on lined-3 of .Fig-

ure 1; and,

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional lview of a modified form'of the invention.

I shall first describe the general layout of my pump, following this .by a detailed description yofthe improvements which it is the object of this invention to disclose and claim, taking up these improvements in the order in which they appear in the statement `of objects of invention and in the claims.

Referring now particularly toFigure 1, Y

- the reference numeral 2 indicates the pump housing, whichispreferably so formed as l to be readily bolted or otherwise secured to a .conventional automobilerankcase shown .at 4, in proximity to one of the cams 5 on the usual valve'operating cam shaft 6, which in' this case also functions as the pump op,-

erating means. However, the specific means .I

for operating the pump forms no part of my invention and may be varied as desired.

- 'The pump housing is so constructed as to lrovide a filter chamber, a pumping cham- Eer, and a delivery chamber. A- conduit '8 leadingfrom the main or supply reservoir,`

(not shown), delivers fluid to the filterv chamber 10 l fr-omwhich it is drawn into the pumping chamber during vthe intake strokes ofthel pumpin its normal operation. The

pumping chamber 1 2 is of composite'formation and comprises a cylinder. 14 within the pump actuator, driven from the cam shaft 6 previously described. While I have Awhich moves a piston 16, hereinafter called preferred to show an actuatorfof the piston type it is obvious that. any other form of actuator may be/used, the requirements bejing only that some mechanism be provided 'for producing pulsations in the" pumping chamber. Indeed, it is obviously Within the scope of my invention to use 'as a substitute for actuators of more conventionaltype, the usual pistons of an internal combustion enine these istons havin `as usual a secondary function'as'pumps, and producing' l the well known Apulsations o r breathing in the crankcase. TheseV 'pulsations may be vusedA for pumping purposes eitherrwith or without an intervening diaphragm-.all of which is old in the prior art gas, illustrated by the 'patent t Olds, No. 792,158y granted June 13, 1905.- The cylinder 14 has practically unrestricted communication by way of an orifice 18 with chamber 12,'while this latter chamber is connected by a passage 20 with a second chamber 22 which communicates with the' delivery chamber 24. The cylinder 14, the chamber 12, the passagef20, and the second chamber 22 together -constitute the composite pumping chamber. It

lon

is into this composite pumping chamber that the fluid is di'awnfrom the main reservoir duringmthe intake strokes of the pump,

and it is from said composite chamber 24 that the fluid is forced into the delivery chamber Aduring the discharge strokes of the pump. While under particular 4conditions pumping actionmay .be secured without the use of valves between the pumping chamber and `the parts in communication with it, the usualfl-oat valve provided .in connection with the carburetor, (not shown), being relied upon to prevent the discharged fluid from returning to the pumping chamber, I have nevertheless found the valve Aarrangements hereinafterdescribed, to be of value in increasing the eii'ectiveness'of the pump. v

For some purposes it is desirablefthat a body of gas be interposedbetween the pump d being preferably made 1n the wall of the actuator 16 and the fluid operated upon an f to this type of pumping action certain of means, in

as to certain other or whether thel pistons the features of my invention relate while,

features, it is immaterial whether such a body of gasbe provided be in direct contact with the fluid which is to be moved.

` I shall now describethe means which I have provided for increasing the efficiency of pumps of thetype a body-or cushion of gas is interposed between the pump actuator 16 and theuid Referring now to Figures '15 1 .and 4, it will be noted that in each form operated upon. of'my invention I have provided meansfor positively closing the outlet valve, this the structure shown in Figure 1, taking the form of a spring 26 cosoperative While in the struo.

float 28 normally performs the same function with respect to a ball valve 66. lVith this positive-valve closing means'the capacity of the pump is increasedfor thc closing `of the outlet valve takes place more rapidly than when, as in prior constructions, the return flow ofliquid to the pumping` chamber is relied upon to close the valve. This arrangement is of particular advantage in "previously referred` to... Broadly, this means pumps wherein a cushion of gas is utilized,

for, at best, in this type of pump a large.

the stroke o f the piston actuator portion of in compression and expansion of 16 is spent vthe gas preliminary to the transmission of pumping force tothe fluid whichl is to he moved. It is therefore highly desirable that v the remaining portion of the stroke of the proached, is at a piston actuator 16 be made as eifectiveas possible in its pumpingaction.

I shall now describe the means for preventing the pump from becoming vacuum bound. This condition, as previously stated, arises when after continued pumping the body of gas interposed between the actuator 16 and the fluid becomes so rarelied that subsequent operation Vof the pump results merely in idle expansion and contraction of the gas withoutthe transmission of to the fluid any appreciable pumping effort The means which it is desired to move.

which I haveprovided for overcoming this difficulty consists of a bleed or passage coinmunicatiiig with the body of gas and with a body of gas which, at least at times when the vacuum bound condition higher pressure than the body of gas -in `the pump. Preferably, this bleed has .communication with the atmosphere and, in the form shown, I have preferred to have the communication with the atmosphere be indirect, through the inter mediary of the engine crankcase. Specifically, I have provided a spiral groove 30 establishing 4 communication between lthe just described, wherein 4 the weight of the.

is apbodyof and thecrankcase,the groove actuator 16, although this is not essential. In some cases-a loose the cylinder, as described in my copending application 714,409, will serve the same purpose as .the groove. f

In the normal operation of the pump with the--body'or cushion of gas at normal pressure, the action ofthe pump-is so rapid that there is very little, i'f any, flow of gas through the bleed 30 but should the pressure of the body ofjgas in the pumping chamber 12 fallvery low, airfor gas will flow through the bleed groove 3() in such volume astb relieve the vacuum which was in. proc-l ess of forming. lThebleed 30 will also function effectively -when the motor is stopped vto ,restore the cushion of gas to normal pressure. 4

In the form'shown in Figure 1, I have combined the structure just described,vwhich may be termed means for preventing dimi'- nutyiyn in tlie'fpressure of the body or cushion of gas below a ,certain minimum, with additional means for preventing diminution in the volume of said body or cushion of gas below a certain minimum. One forml of this latter means has been disclosed and claimed in my prior application Serial No. 714,409

comprises a float 32 in Athe pumping chamber 12 which, when operated by the rising of the `fluid .in said pumping cli-amber -to a certain level, forces a valve 34 firmly down upon 100 its seat, shutting off the flow of fluid into j said pumping chamber. As the specific means whereby the float 32 operates the lit of the piston in valve 34 constitutes another novel feature acter 16, is in the form of a hollow cylinder having a reduced end portion 36, preferably closedt By the provision of this reduced end portion a shoulder 38 is formed, between which and the closed end 40 of the' cylinder 14 is located a coil spring 42 constantly tend- 120 actuator piston 16 outwardly 5. The other 'end is closed by means of hardened metal ing to force the 'in opposition to the cam of the actuator piston 16- of a cap 44 preferably in order that it may successfully withstand the wear resulting from constant contact with the cam 5. v

.I shall now describe the improvement whichI have made in the pump vcasing and Aparticularly inthe seating and sealing will be hereinafter de- `1'05 chamber- 12 as to insure 110 *aso parked on an incline.A One means of. over`v means between the two main 'casing members and in the arrangement of passa es' therein.` Referring now '-to Figure 1,., 1t will be observed -that the-pump casing, indicated generally by the reference character 2, is composed-of two members, the upper 'mem'- ber 46 of whichis formed .to provide the ,cylinder 14, the major orLup er portion of e pump chamber 12`,I the eliverychamber 24, and the upper portion of a second chamber 22, while the lower portion 48 is i f formed to providetheiilter. chamber 10, the

lower portion of the pump chamber 12, and

` the lower portion of thesecond chamber 22.

It will also be observed that the passage v20 -is entirely Within the lower casing member 48, and pierces the partition 50 which is between the chamber 12 and the second chamber 22. .The upper pgrtionof the partition 50 thus serves as a bridge to assist in sup screen type of filter 54, its upper end snugly fitting the passage .leading to the inlet valve 34 of the pumping chamber 12, and its lower end resting in a seat 56 formed in 'a screw it is desired'toclean the 'filter 54 it is merely -40 tered in the type of pump inwhich a gas f4.5

cap

leading from the main reservoir,.it will A.be noted, has communication with the lterchamber 10 through an aperture in the side wall thereof. With this construction vwhen necessary to unscrew the cap'58 and remove said lterwhereupon it may be conveniently cleaned and re laced.

.One of the iiiculties heretofore encouncushion is provided 1n the pumping chamber has been the flooding of the pump when the inlet valve was subjected to the action of a considerable head of liquid in the main fieservoir and connecting. pipes, this condition arising-particularly when the ca i` is coming thisdiiiiculty has been the provision of a iioat operated inlet valve such as shown at 34 in 'Figure 1 and also in ymy4 prior ap v plication Serial No. 714,409. In Figure 4,

I have disclosed another andsomewhat different means for accomplishing the same object. In this form of m'yinvention the iioat operated inlet valve 34 isreplaced by a ball valve 60 which is normally held in closed' position by a conditioning means, here shown as .a spring '62.- said spring located within and reacting against the closed in end of a tubular casing 64 fastened-to the pump housing and projecting into the member 58 which closes the lower end .of thelter chamber 10. The conduit 8 Hg ,Nrw pumping chamber 12. With thitilicnstruction 1t is possible'to condition the inlet valve 34 or.60, as by the selection of a spring 62 of proper lstron th, so that it will remain closed when subjected to the pressure of any reasonable head of liquid in the main reservoir, butwill open when subjected to the isuction of the pump .on the intake stroke with or without assistance from thelhead of j i' liquid in the. suppdy reservoir and connecting piping 8. I have also provided in one ofthe forms of my invention means-associated with the outlet valve. for 'rendering said valve inoperative. under certain conditions.. Referring again to Figure 4, it will be noted that the outlet valve 66 is'connected'with float 28 as cal movement. .'lrccordingly,l when the demand lfor fluid has been temporarily su'pplied, the iiuid in thefdeliverychamber 24 having risen toa predetermined'level, the

vball valve 66 is moved o f lits seat,l thus tending to render the pump' inoperative on .its delivery side. Flooding of the carburetor previously described. and is' guided for vert-i4 y.

by excessivepump pressure is thus avoided.

In this particular embodiment the 'dej livery chamber-24l is provided v,with a confined body r cushion of gas, thereby serving as an equ`alizino` dome to insure a steady. outflow of fluid. he level of fluid in the delivery chamber 24 will depend upon the pressure in theequali'zing dome and this, in turn, upon the head of fluid inthe 's stem beyond said delivery chamber. onseyb {uently the means for rendering the outlet valve 66 inoperative may bev regarded not only as dependent upon the level of fluid in the delivery chamber 24 but, alternatively, ,uponl the pressure in the said delivery chamber. The delivery chamber 24 is, of

considered, nothing but a` course, reservoir for t broadl lie pumped Huid.

Anotherl advantage of the device, for4 rendering the outlet valve 66inoperative, is that when .used in a pump of the type in which a lbody or cushion of gas" is interposed betweenthe actuator 16 and the Huid operated upori, `and in which'a second body or cushion of gas is provided in the delivery. chamber 24, the'pumping action is more eifectively cut out when the demand for fluid -has been temporarily supplied; this because- A the surging'of iuid which takesplace in the pump is between the two bodies or cushions. of gas and is more effective thanlsur'ging in the conduit leading tothe mainreservoir, as in the construction of my prior application Serial No. 714,409. This means for rendering the outlet .valve A66 inoperative under predetermined conditions is not restricted in its application to sys'- tems in which an inlet valve is provided nor, when such valve 1s provided, to use in connecL tion with the particular type/of inlet valve shown in Figure 4 which is so conditioned .as

tofremain closed when acted upon solely by the'pressure ofthe head of, liquid in the supv ply reservoir, a. simple, compact, and efecn 2, said passage being in theform of a spiral groove.

tive system is provided which aYoid-s flooding of the pump when the carfis parked upon a hillside and also ioodingof the carburetor owing to excessive pump pressure. I

I shall now describe my improved form of float controlled inlet valve. Referringl again to' Figure 1, it will be remembered that the valve 34 is, under` predetermined conditions, held upon its seat by the action of float 32. The stem .70 of the valve 34 is guided for sliding movement in an aperture 72 in the float 32, and is provided adjacent its lower endl with an 'enlargement 74 adapted to be engaged by the short arms of levers 75 having 'their other extremities 4" loosely connected to a strap 7 6 secured 'to the bottom of theiioat 32 and being pivoted at intermediate points to arms 78 projectin upwardly into the pumping chamber 12 an preferably formed integrally with the membei' 80 in which is formed a seat for the valve 34. In the normal operation of the device,

the -valve 34 is controlled by the operation of the pump without restraint Afrom the connections just described. However, it will be seen that as the level of the iiuidin the pump chamber 12 rises the float 32 will be carried with it and in doing .so will rock the levers -75 upon their axes so that their opposite inner ends will engage the enlargement 7 4 on the valve stem 70 and hold ythe valve 34 upon its seat. This construction has the advantage that the slight buoyant torce of the oat ae is, in` effect, muiiipiiea by virtu@ of the mechanical advantage in the lever system.

While I have shown and described illustrative embodiments of my invention, I desirerit to be understood -that my invention is not limited thereto, but is only restricted to the extent called for by the following claims.

What-I claim is: 1. In a pump wherein a body of gas is interposed between,` an actuator and the iiuid operated upon with a second body of gas' influencing the outlet valve so that the iiuid is pumped between two cushioning bodies of gas, the combination of an engine crankcase associated i with 4said pump, and a spiral bleed conduit in the actuator of'limited flow capacity for establishing communication be- Y tween the first mentioned. body of gas and i the body of gas in tlie engine craiikcase.,

2. In a pump wherein a body of gas is interposed between a piston and the fluid operated upon with a second body of gas influencing the outlet valve so that thefiuid is pumped between two cushioning bodies of gas, the combination of an engine ciankcase chambers.

associated with said pump, and a limited-v` iiow spiral passage in the piston wall for establishing indirect communication between the first mentioned body of gas and the body offgas in said crankcase at a relatively constant but, at times, higher pressure.

1 3. In the combination as set forth in claim I 4.4 In av ump wherein a body of gas'is interposed etween an actuator and the'fiuid voperated upon with a second body of gas influencing the outlet valve so that the fluid is pumped between two cushioning bodies of ody of gas below a certain degree, anda 5. In the com ination as set forth in claim 4, said conditioning 'means comprising a oat in the pumping chamber, and aiuidcut-oit under control of a motion-multiply-- ing means operated by said float. j

6. In the combination as set forth in claim 4,said bleed means comprising a spiralized passage establishing communication between the first mentioned ,body of gas and the atmosphere.

' 7. In a pump wherein the Huid is pumped l between'two cushioning bodies of gas, the

-combination ofa unitary casing member embodying individual pumping and delivery chambers positioned at each side of a common separating wall,'a second member completing and closing-in the open ends of both chambers and seating on said wall, the sec. ond member including a filter chamber, a

gasket interposed between said members, and a passage formed entirely within the body of the second member to afford communication between the pumping and delivery 8. In a pump wherein the fluid is pumped between two cushioning bodies of gas, the combinationof a casing member in part providing'in'dividual pumping and delivery chambers as well as a separate ilterchamber; a second casing member completing and closing-in the first mentioned chambers and having al passage therethrough aiiording communication between .the Ipumping and delivery chambers; said iilter chamber having an open end, an inlet to the filter cha-mber, an outletA therefrom into the pumping chamber; va cylindrical screen in the ilter chamber arranged between the inlet and the outlet, and a removable cap for closing the end of the iilter chamber and securingthe.

aforesaid screen in position. a

9. In a pump in which a body of gas is interposed between an actuator and the fluid operated upon with a second body of gas influencing 4the *outlet valve so that 4the fluid is pumped between two 'cushioning bodies of gas, the combination of a iuid reservoir,

a pumping chamber in communication with said reservoir, an inlet valve. in said chamber adapted for actuation by changes of pressure in the pumping chamber producedv by normal operation of the pump, and-floatcontrolled motion-'multiplying means for so conditioning said inlet valve as to pr ent its opening when acted upon 'solely b' pressure o ervoir.

10. In the combination as set forth in claim 9,"said conditioning means tending to hold the inletvalve. to its seat under a reavsonable head of liquid pressure, but permitting its opening by the suction stroke of the pum with--orl without-assistance from the rst mentioned body of 1i uid.

11. The combination as Set orth in'claim 9', with "an outlet valve for the` pumping chamber, and means in connection with said outlet valve for rendering the same inoperative when'the demand for fluid has temporarily been supplied.

12. The combination as set pump, an outlet; valve for the pump chamber, and means controlled by the pressure in the last-mentionedreservoir for rendering said outlet valve inoperative.

13. In a pump wherein the luid is pumped between two cushioning bodies of gas, the combination of a composite pumping unit comprising communicating chambers, a pump actuator therefor,

and aninlet valve subject to oat and motion-multiplying conditioning means controlling communication between said pumping chambers with a source of iiuid'supply under predeter.-

mined conditions.

14. Inapump'of the type wherein a body is interposed between the actuator of gas andthe fluid operated upon with a second body of gas influencing the outlet valve` so that the -iiuid isl pumped between two cushioning bodies of' gas, 'the combination of a float, in the lpumping chamber for preventing diminution in the volume of the first men. gas below a certain minimum,

tioned body of and' afspiral bleed` groove inthe actuator establishing communication between saidbody of gas and the atmosphere.

In testimony4 whereof I affix my signature.

the a head of liquid inthe fluid res-.

, forth in claim 9, with a` reservoir to receive Iiui'd from the 

